Indian and U.S. Security Cooperation- This publication reports on the deliberations of an online conference that took place over two days (June 30–July 1, 2022). The conference, which was sponsored by the U.S. State Department, is a component of an ongoing RAND Corporation project that focuses on Russian and Chinese arms exports and private security and military companies.
Weapon exports and the provision of security and military services abroad by China and Russia serve as a means for both countries to extend their influence around the globe. How does this affect an emerging great power—India—and what does it mean for India-U.S. security cooperation?
The objective of this track II dialogue meeting was for Indian and American expertise to discuss common approaches to bilateral security cooperation, Russian arms sales to India, and the challenges posed by China to regional security.
This document contains the papers prepared by the six presenters. The reader will note that there is a complementarity about the papers from each side, despite the fact that they cover a wide range of bilateral, regional, and global issues of interest to Indian and American policymakers and scholars.
RAND has applied its standard quality assurance process to the conference proceeding summary and the RAND-authored papers, which are Appendixes B, D, and G.
The Observer Research Foundation (ORF) has applied its quality assurance standards to the summary of the conference proceedings and to the papers authored by ORF and their invited participants. Below are descriptions of each organization’s quality assurance process and standards.
RAND seeks formal peer (technical) reviews from independent experts, both internal and external to RAND, as part of its broader quality assurance process for publications. Formal peer reviewers (whether internal or external) are asked to
- assess the extent to which the product meets RAND’s standards for high-quality research and analysis
- advise division management on whether the product would help RAND fulfill its mission and maintain or improve its reputation
- provide authors with suggestions for improving the quality of the research to support a recommendation to publish.
RAND typically obtains two or more formal peer reviews, but the appropriate number of reviewers will ultimately depend on the nature of the product and the backgrounds of the reviewers.
The team of peer reviewers providing input on any given product collectively embodies the expertise needed to assess the quality of the product according to RAND’s standards.
Formal peer reviewers advise the Research Quality Assurance Managers division, which determines whether a product meets RAND’s quality standards.
Peer reviewers are asked to provide a written memo that assesses the quality of the product (or parts thereof) against RAND standards and provides a clear recommendation regarding publication.
When a reviewer identifies barriers to publication or areas for improvement, the project team will revise the document and prepare a response for the reviewer. The reviewer is then asked to assess whether the project team was successful in responding to concerns and whether the revised product meets RAND’s standards.
ORF has applied its review process to Appendixes C, E, and F. ORF reviews drafts using at least one ORF expert, and one or more external referees. The reviewers’ comments are shared with the author for any required revisions.
The draft is copyedited, and the author is apprised of any editorial changes that the editor deems fit. The final draft is cleared for publication by the ORF editor after it has been copyedited and checked for plagiarism.
This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of State and conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of RAND’s National Security Research Division (NSRD).
Which operates the National Defense Research Institute (NDRI), a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense intelligence enterprise. For more information on the RAND International Security and Defense Policy Center, see www.rand.org/nsrd/isdp or contact the director (contact information provided on the webpage).
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
The RAND Corporation wishes to thank ORF for cohosting this virtual conference. We wish to extend our sincere appreciation to Raji Rajagopalan, director of the Centre for Security, Strategy and Technology at ORF for bringing together an excellent group of Indian participants. We also wish to thank our internal and external reviewers for their work on these proceedings.
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The views expressed above belong to the author(s).
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